Indicating Attack time, Decay time, Sustain level, and Release time, this is one of the envelope structures.
ABI command
A command interpreted and executed by the microcode (audio microcode)
for waveform synthesis. It is used to create waveform synthesis drivers.
adaptable clustering algorithm
One of the design methods for code books used by ADPCM. --> ADPCM, ADPCM encoder, tabledesign
ADPCM
The abbreviation of "Adaptive Pulse Code Modulation". A method of compressing
sampling data which encodes the value difference between the actual sampling
value and the anticipated next sampling value derived from the past sampling
value. This method will enable the amount of data compressed to the quarter
of the size.
ADPCM compression
To converts AIFF file into AIFC file. --> ADPCM encoder
ADPCM decoder
A tool that converts a AIFC file into a AIFF file. --> vadpcm_dec
ADPCM decoder state information
Internal status of the ADPCM decoder.--> vadpcm_dec
ADPCM decompressor
One of the sound processing modules which converts a monaural ADPCM compression (approximately 4:1) wave table to a monaural 16-bit straight format. One of the elements that comprise a physical voice. --> physical voice
ADPCM encoder
A tool that converts a AIFF file into a AIFC file. --> vadpcm_enc
ADPCM format
A file format(AIFC file) to save data in ADPCM format. --> AIFC, vadpcm_enc, vadpcm_dec
ADSR
Indicating Attack time, Decay time, Sustain level, and Release time, this is one of the envelope structures.
ADSR envelope
--> ADSR
AIFC
AIFC adds information about the correlation to compression CODEC to
the basic AIFF.
AIFF
A format of sound data.
attack time
--> ADSR
audio command list
Created by the synthesizer driver. The application will create a task based on the audio command list, and then hand the task which has been created overt to the audio synthesizer microcode.
audio DAC
D/A converter for audio use that converts digital audio data(PCM) into analog wave form.
audio DMA
DMA for audio use.
audio DMA buffer
DMA buffer for audio use.
audio heap
Area used for each function in audio library to dynamically allocate
memory. Needs to be initialized before you use audio library.
audio task list
Task list for audio.
audio synthesizer microcode
A microcode which processes tasks received from the application and synthesizes L/R stereo 16-bit sample data.
audio thread stack size
Stack size of audio thread.
bank
--> bank structure
bank file
A bank files is defined as a file which collectively contains a .tbl file in which ADPCM-compressed wave table data are stored, a .ctl file in which control data, such as key map, envelope, gain, etc. for a wave table are stored, and a .sym file in which symbol data for the bank file are stored. --> instrument compiler(ic)
bank structure
Sounds with a hierarchical structure like that shown below comprise elements consisting of the envelope, the key map, and the wave table, several sounds combine to comprise an instrument, and several instruments combine to comprise a bank. 
BGM event
One of the MIDI events. For details, see "Standard MIDI
Files 1.0," jointly issued with the MIDI Manufacturers Association.
big room
An effect to make sound as if the sound were made in a big room.
callback routine
--> callback function
cent
1/100 of a semi-tone. One octave is 1200 cents.
chorus
Adds fullness to a note by mixing delayed notes with a single note to create the effect of a chorus of voices.
chorus depth
A parameter for effect. Modulation amplitude where delay line output
occurs. --> Programming manual 17.4
chorus/flange format
The chorus effect and flange effect produced by combining sounds. --> Chorus, Flange
chorus rate
A parameter for effect. Modulation frequency where delay line output
occurs. --> Programming manual 17.4
chunk
In the case of AIFF data, for example, in addition to "sample data," "loop data," "channel data," "creator data," "tool resume data," etc. are included in the file, each existing as an independent block. These various blocks are referred to as "chunks." 4 bytes of ID and 4 bytes of chunk size data are always at the head of each chunk, and the application refers to these so that it can extract only the information that it needs from the file.
click
click sound
click noise
A noise. --> click
client list
A list of players registered in synthesize driver. --> synthesize driver
clock tick unit
--> tick
code book
List of predictive coefficients used to optimize sound quality when doing ADPCM compression. --> ADPCM, predictive coefficient
comb filter
One type of effect.
command list
--> audio command list
command list buffer
Buffer to save ABI commands that would be executed every audio frame.
compressed MIDI
A N64-specific MIDI format which compresses the standard MIDI format. Played back using the compact sequence player.
compressed MIDI sequence
A compressed MIDI sequence. compressed MIDI, sequence
compact sequence format
--> AIFC
compact sequence player
-->sequence player
DC normalization
The abbreviation of "Discrete Cosine normalize". By doing the orthogonal transform (discrete cosine transformation) of input signals, this process
splits the signal into the direct current and alternating current components
and takes out the direct current component. You can do the discrete cosine
transformation and reverse-transformation in real-time by using DSP.
decay time
--> ADSR
delay line
A mechanism that is used to perform sound effects such as sound frequency
modulation and amplitude modulation to realize echo and flange sound effect.
delay time
See decay time. --> decay time
delta time
A period of time between two events represented in tick units.
de-tune
To slightly shift the sound frequency.
DMA call back
It uses DMA to transfer the waveform data from ROM to RAM as necessary.
By using this method, you avoid keeping unnecessary data in RAM, so the
amount of RAM required for audio is reduced
driver configuration structure
The structure used when initializing the synthesizer driver. The upper limits for the number of voices and the number of events are written here, and when the structure's pointer is handed over to the driver by allnit, the driver performs the internal settings while reading these values. This is so that these values will be registered without writing all of the arguments out for allnit.
dry
A sound effect that ranges from 0 (a completely dry sound) to 127 (a
completely wet sound).
echo
A phenomenon or the sound where the sound traveling from a voice source
reflects against walls and produces a sound delayed from the sound that
reaches directly.
echo effect
--> echo
effect
Processes an encoded sound to create a sound which is different from the original sound. Examples are vibrato, tremolo, and echo, etc.
effect mix
Specify the wet/dry mix. --> wet
end of track event
One of the MIDI meta-events. Generated when all of the notes in a track have been played over their respective continuous periods.
envelope
The information that defines a volume which changes as time proceeds.
The n64 audio library uses the ADSR envelope.
envelope asset
Assets pertaining to an envelope. --> envelope, asset
envelope object
An envelope of ADSR --> ADSR, envelope
envelope parameter
An envelope of ADSR that is defined in ALSound structure. --> ADSR, envelope
event
Defined sound change that occurs as time progresses: note on, note
off, and control change.
event list
A list of event. --> event
fade out
Gradually decreasing the sound.
fbcoef
A parameter for effect: feedback coefficient. --> Programming manual 17.4
ffcoef
A parameter for effect: feed forward coefficient. --> Programming manual 17.4
flange
An sound effect where a copy of the original sound is slightly delayed
and then added to the original sound to exaggerate the frequency component.
FX TYPE
Information on types of effect used such as none, small room, big room,
echo, flange, chorus, and custom.
gain
A parameter for effect: Output gain from effect bus. --> Programming manual 17.4
gain information
--> gain
gain unit
Unit which applies the volume envelope and pan value and mixes output and sends it to the master bus and the effect bus at the gain specified by the wet/dry parameter for the voice. --> physical voice
gain value
Expresses the ratio of the change in the output signal relative to the change in the input signal in dB.
Gardner format
One of the methods of notating an effect. --> effect
General MIDI 1.0 specification
The most general of the MIDI file formats. There are two formats: Type 0 and Type 1. For details, see "Standard MIDI Files 1.0," jointly issued with the MIDI Manufacturers' Association.
General MIDI bank
Bank for replaying General MIDI on the N64. Included in the development software, it can be used freely by the licensee.
half step
Half note.
instrument
A musical instrument. In N64 audio library, this refers to the complete package of audio attributes including the sound, envelope, key map or pan. and so on.
instrument asset
An asset for the instrument. Parameters such as volume, pan and bend range can be specified. --> instrument, asset
instrument compiler
--> instrument compiler(ic)
instrument compiler(ic)
A tool that generates bank files (waveform data files .tbl and control files .ctl) out of some compressed AIFC sound data.
instrument object
An object that is used to specify the entire volume and pan for the instrument and a list of sound that consists the instrument.
key base
Defines the MIDI note number which corresponds with the sound played back at a reference pitch. Without preparing sounds for all of the keys, a pitch shift is performed from the difference between the specific key and the key base to produce the sound of the specified key.
key off
Note off. --> note on/note off
key map
Defines to which voice range and which velocity a target sound corresponds. By combining this kind of data with a sound, the appropriate sound is selected according to the scale and the velocity.
key map entry
For more about keymap. --> keymap
key map object
An object that specifies the number of keys that MIDI velocity and the sound would cover.
key mapping
To key map --> key map
key map structure
A structure that contains the information about velocity, key range, key base, and detune.
length
A parameter for effect that specifies the length of delay memory effect
uses. The value must be a multiple of 8 bytes.
LFO
An oscillator that generates audio frequency wave. --> oscillator
loop end sub-type
Data expressing the end of a loop in compressed MIDI. --> compressed MIDI, metastatus byte
low frequency oscillator- LFO
--> LFO
low-pass filter
One type of filter. Cuts the high-frequency component of a signal while allowing the low-frequency component to pass.
lpfilt coef
One of the effect parameters. Coefficient for the single-pole low-pass filter
magnitude value
Volume
mapping method
A method of mapping sound to key maps. --> key map, key base, velocity
marker
--> sequence position marker
memory demand
The amount of memory required.
meta event
Midi doesn't include this event, but you can define it. It has tempo or end-of-track information.
meta status
--> meta status byte
meta status byte
Data which identifies something as a meta-event. The head of a meta-event always starts from 0xFF.compressed MIDI
middle C
he center C4 (MIDI note number 60).
MIDI
A standard protocol for the interchange of musical information such
as sound volume and length between synthesizers, sequencers, and computers.
MIDI clock time
A timing used to control MIDI equipment.
MIDI controller
One of the MIDI messages. Message to specify an effect for a specific note. For details, see "Standard MIDI Files 1.0," jointly issued with the MIDI Manufacturers' Association.
MIDI daemon
A tool used to perform MIDI data real time in N64.
MIDI event
-->event
MIDI note number
One of the MIDI messages. Message to specify the height of a specific note. For details, see "Standard MIDI Files 1.0," jointly issued with the MIDI Manufacturers' Association.
MIDI Note Off message
One of the MIDI messages. Message to stop a specific note. For details, see "Standard MIDI Files 1.0," jointly issued with the MIDI Manufacturers' Association.
MIDI Note On message
One of the MIDI messages. Message to play a specific note. For details, see "Standard MIDI Files 1.0," jointly issued with the MIDI Manufacturers' Association.
MIDI playback
Performs processing, such as reading and playing (standard) MIDI data with the processor. Refers to playback and sequence.
MIDI sequence
Sequential messages for MIDI. --> sequence
MIDI sequencer
A sequencer that performs input/output of MIDI files. --> sequencer
mixing
To mix several independent notes.
modulation depth
The degree of the modulation rate pitch change. --> modulation rate
modulation rate
The delay time from the input sound.
N64 device driver
A device driver that connects IRIX with N64 emulator board. /dev/n64.
nest
To nest smaller block of data into bigger block of data.
note number
Numbers to represent musical scale that goes from 1 to 128 with 60 being the midpoint.
note on/note off
MIDI commands used to start sound(note on) and stop sound(note off). Usually they must be paired for use.
offset
The value added to or subtracted from a certain reference value.
oscillator
Refers to the oscillator.
output gain
--> gain
pan
The orientation information of the sound. It indicates where the sound
is coming from (right to left).
pan controller
In the MIDI standard, this refers to the mechanism, or its control number, that changes the stereo pan pot of a sound. The control number for the pan is 10.
pan information
--> pan
pan location
--> pan
physical voice
The voice that actually provides the wave form synthesis. It corresponds
to the sound process module that consists of the ADPCM decompressor, the
pitch shifter, and the gain unit. --> virtual voice
pitch
This refers to the height (vocal range) of a sound according to its frequency. Physically speaking, it refers to the frequency.
pitch bend
To make the pitch continually go up and down to produce an effect similar
to the choking effect of a guitar.
pitch bend change
A message for MIDI. --> pitch bend, MIDI message
pitch shifter
A unit which re-samples the ADPCM output data and converts it to a desired pitch. --> physical voice
playback rate
The number of samples per second produced by the synthesizer.
playback volume
The volume during playback. --> volume.
polyphonic key pressure
Information that provides an individual sound effect for a specific note when several notes are played at the same time.
pop noise
One type of noise. A "pop" sound.
predictive coefficient
With ADPCM compression, you estimate the current sampling value from the past sampling value and encode the difference between its estimated value and the actual value. This predictive coefficient is then used
to search to search for the estimated value.
prefix
File names followed by extensions such as '.ctl', '.tbl', and '.sym'
when compiling with ic.
program number
The number in the MIDI sequence that identifies each instrument. This number is used for program change in MIDI sequence.
real time editing
One method of input to the sequencer. An instrument is actually played and its signal is input.
redundancy mode
The mode in which debug data are displayed, such as whether to always perform operation. Set as an option when running ic or the MIDI Demon. Single pole (one pole).
release time
--> ADSR
release volume
--> ADSR
resample
To resample by shifting the pitch. It is used to convert the ADPCM
output data to an arbitrary pitch. It is also called the pitch shift process.
reverb format
Reverb effect that is created by reflecting sound.
root pitch
The pitch of the note that forms the foundation of a chord.
sample bank file
--> bank file
sample data
Each single sample data.--> sampling
sampling
To extract the signal size from the continuous analog signals at each
suitable time interval.
sampling rate
The number of sampels per second. The higher the sampling rate, the better the quality of the sound would be, but the more memory would be
required.
sbc
Tool for creating a sequence bank file from several sequence files.
semi tone
A half tone.
sequence
Data lined in certain order.
sequence bank compiler - sbc
--> sbc
sequence buffer
Buffer used to hold sequence used during game play.
sequence player
The sequence player has two types, the MIDI sequence file player of Type 0 and the compressed MIDI sequence player. These players have the same
functions except for the compression format and the loop process. While
the MIDI sequence player of Type 0 can provide the loop process from outside,
the compressed MIDI sequence player must have the loop point embedded in the
sequence.
sequence position marker
A marker used to mark at a given position in the Type0 sequence data and set such information as playback time and a loop point.
sequencer
A software or mechanism used to sequentially control continuous data.
sequencer event buffer
When a note is turned ON/OFF in the sequencer, or the volume, pitch, FXMIX, etc. are changed, or when a parameter has been changed by an external function (alSeqp...), it is stored in the event buffer as an "event" in order to convey the result thereof to the synthesizer driver in the form of a command. The voice handler subsequently reads the event buffer and converts it into a synthesizer driver command (alSyn...). This is so that such events are not converted to synthesizer commands one-at-a-time until there is a parameter that does not change. It could also be said to be a program which recognizes the command cache.
single pole
Primary (one pole).
small room
An effect to make sound as if the sound were made in a small room.
sound asset
Assett pertaining to a sound. Referred to by the instrument asset. --> sound, asset
sound effect
Effects and music which are added to heighten the atmosphere associated with the game's video, etc.
sound object
Expressed by the ALSound structure.
sound player
A player to play single sound effect and streaming audio. Sound in ADPCM compressed and 16-bit decompressed formats can be played.
standard drum kit
Generally indicates a group of drum voices which complies with the standard MIDI format. Drum voices which are used often commonly are made into sets.
standard MIDI
--> General MIDI 1.0 specification
standard MIDI file
--> General MIDI 1.0 specification
standard MIDI file 1.0 specification
--> General MIDI 1.0 specification
stereo pan
--> pan
streaming
To make a constant amount of sound data flow all the time in the real-time
process.
subtype byte
The byte that stores the information that defines types of MIDI event.
sustain level
--> ADSR
switchable ADPCM algorithm
One type of ADPCM algorithm. --> ADPCM
synthesize
To synthesize wave forms.
synthesize driver
A driver to synthesize wave forms.
tag
Additional information to recognize data.
tap value
Coefficients(gain) for each effect that is output ,and it is output from delay line.
tempo event
An event to change tempo in compressed MIDI. --> meta event
tick
Unit of time related to the MIDI clock at a resolution specified in the MIDI sequencer header.
tremolo
A process that applies low frequency modulation to the sound quantity
to make it alternate between large and small.
tuning
To adjust playback rate so that it's played at desired pitch. --> resample
Type0, Type1 MIDI
MIDI sequence formats, wherein Type 1 MIDI files are used by general MIDI sequencers. Since the sequence data which can be handled by the N64 audio library are Type 0 MIDI files, data must be converted to a Type 0 MIDI file using midicvt.
unit pitch
The original pitch of a sound used in the key map. pitch
velocity
The rate to strike the keyboards. Usually, this information indicates
the sound level.
velocity zone
The corresponding velocity range in a key map --> key map
vibrato
It makes the sound frequency (pitch) go up and down by the low frequency
modulation.
virtual voice
Expressed by the ALVoice structure for ease of use by the player. To
play a sound, a player's virtual voice must be allocated to the sound.
Virtual voices with higher priority are allocated to the physical voice.
-> physical voice
voice handler functions
The program which provides the parameters and/or commands for a "voice" (sound generating channel) within the synthesizer driver by means of voice function calls. This can also be thought of as voice handler functions = sound or sequence player, but one could also think of it as "an intermediary routine that converts player playback data into voice function calls for the driver."
voice steal
Virtual voice with low priority that was once assigned to physical voice but was taken over by other virtual voice with higher priority.
volume
The loudness of a sound.
wave table
Raw sound data compressed in ADPCM.
wet
A sound effect that ranges from 0 (completely dry sound) to 127 (a
completely wet sound).