Waveform data used for sounds are stored in DDROM ( See "Chapter 4, 64DD Internal ROM") in a form such as that shown on the following page.
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Contents |
Offset from the beginning of the wave data |
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Header: Header |
0x000000-0x00001F int version code(0x19970123) int number of waveforms stored (0x00000124 = 292) unsigned int *WavePointer unsigned int *BookPointer unsigned int *LoopPointer Book_Table *BookData Loop_Table *LoopData Info_Table *Information |
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WaveData: ADPCM waveform data |
0x000020-0x2B3D5F waveform(32Khz & 16Khz) |
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BookData: ADPCM predictor data |
0x2B4000-0x2B88FF 64 bytes/waveform |
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LoopData: ADPCM loop data |
0x2B9000-0x2BAFFF 32 bytes/waveform |
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WavePointer: waveform data pointer table |
0x2BB000-0x2BB48F 4 bytes/waveform |
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BookPointer: predictor pointer table |
0x2BB500-0x2BB98F 4 bytes/waveform |
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LoopPointer: loop pointer table |
0x2BBA00-0x2BBE8F 4 bytes/waveform |
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Information: additional waveform information |
0x2BC000-0x2BE47F 32 bytes/waveform |
Information structure:32-byte configuration
Waveform information is contained in the information area of the sound ROM.
struct {
u32 version; /* 0x19970123 */
u32 adpcmsize; /* compressed size */
u32 samplesize; /* noncompressed size */
u32 loop_startsamplepoint; /* oop starting point. 0 with non-looped data */
u32 loop_endsamplepoint; /* loop ending point */
u16 loop_count; /* 0 with non-looped, -1 with looped data */
u8 book_bytes; /* always 64 */
u8 samplingbaseMIDIkey; /* key base value */
f32 samplingrate; /* sampling rate */
f32 tuning_C4_32K; /* detune value */
} Waveinformation_;
The same information is described in the file romsound.infos.txt in the ddsound directory (see "Chapter 14, Important Directories") of the DD development environment. Please refer to this file when creating the bank control file (.ctl).
In addition, please refer to the examples of this file shown in Appendix A.
Pointer Tables
The individual pointer tables for waveform data, predictor data, and loop data indicate how far the storage addresses of each of these types of data are from the beginning (Header) of sound ROM (offset from Header).
For non-looped sound, 0x002D8FFF is stored in the the corresponding loop pointer in the loop pointer table.
To use sound ROM data, the starting storage address of the data must be known. This starting address is defined in leo.h as DDROM_WAVEDATA_START. Specifically, wnen the EPi function is used to transfer sound data from DDROM by DMA, the following should be used as the address.
DDROM_WAVEDATA_START+offset
Offset is the offset address given in the table in section 9.2.1 ROM Map.
To use sound ROM data, the starting storage address of the data must be known. This starting address is defined in leo.h as DDROM_WAVEDATA_START. (Support for 64DD sound development began with ver. 2.0 of NINTENDO 64 Sound Tools. Those using prior versions are encouraged to upgrade to the latest version.)
The following section discusses audio development with the NW version.
When developing audio, use the following procedure to create a sound ROM .ctl file.
For details, please see "Chapter 18, Audio Tools," of the N64 Online Programming Manual.
When SGI drivers are used, the waveform offset specified in the .ctl file must be rewritten. Although this can be accomplished using such tools as a binary editor, it can easily be accomplished by creating a patch-application program beforehand. The information below is provided to aid in creating this program.
The patch-application program performs tasks such as the following.
Compiles using the ic and creates a bank file. Outputting the name of the archived original waveform file and the offset address in the archive (accomplished using the -v option; e.g. % ic -v -o sample sample.inst > info.txt) at this time facilitates subsequent tasks.
The patch program reads the bank control file (.ctl) and corrects the waveform address.
Specifically, assuming structure ALBankfile *bf; is used, the program rewrites the following in sequence:
bf->bankArray[b]->instArray[i]->soundArray[s]->wavetable->base
For details on these structures, please see "Chapter 19, Audio File Format," of the N64 Programming Manual.
When performing this procedure, the waveform items to be rewritten by original data must be selected. If the previously mentioned output file (abbreviated as info below) containing the name of the archived original waveform file and the offset address in the archive does exist, the data can be rewritten using the following general process.
The following specific methods can be used.
First search for Wave Table: in the info file. The waveform name is a written as a continuation of Wave Table:, so use this as a reference. This data item's offset value is the offset address stored by the ALWaveTable structure for that waveform; base is the value described in the .ctl file as the value of base for ALWaveTable.
Next open the .ctl file and replace the value of base at the location of Offset with the sound ROM offset address.
If the info file cannot be obtained, the waveform can only be identified without the base address. Because the waveform length and loop information are likely to be different for all waveforms, the reference tables for these types of information can probably also be integrated into the patch program. When doing this, it is convenient to also include as a table in the patch file the rom waveform offset information written in romsound.exinfo.